Блокада поперечного простору живота

А. А. Альбокрiнов

doi:10.25284/2519-2078.2(67).2014.85200

Автор(и)

А. А. Альбокрiнов Львiвська обласна дитяча клнiчна лiкарня «Охматдит», Україна

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25284/2519-2078.2(67).2014.85200

Ключові слова:

блокада поперечного простору живота, TAP-блок

Анотація

Наведено сучаснi данi щодо особливостей iннервацiї передньої черевної стiнки, методику проведення блокади поперечного простору живота (TAP-блок), показання та протипоказання до її застосування, а також данi щодо клiнiчної ефективностi TAP-блоку.

Біографія автора

А. А. Альбокрiнов, Львiвська обласна дитяча клнiчна лiкарня «Охматдит»

Albokrinov A.A.

Посилання

Rafi AN. Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia. 2001 Oct;56 (10):1024-1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.2279-40.x

McDonnell JG, O'Donnell B, Curley G, Heffernan A, Power C, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007 Jan;104 (1):193-197. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000250223.49963.0f

Hebbard P, Fujiwara Y, Shibata Y, Royse C. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007 Aug;35(4):616-617.

Abrahams MS, Horn JL, Noles LM, Aziz MF. Evidence-based medicine: ultrasound guidance for truncal blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;35(2 Suppl):S36-42. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181d32841

Petersen PL, Mathiesen O, Torup H, Dahl JB. The transversus abdominis plane block: a valuable option for postoperative analgesia? A topical review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010 May;54 (5):529-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02215.x

Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ. Transversus abdominis plane blocks for rescue analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011; 55: 635-637. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02444.x

Visoiu M, Boretsky KR, Goyal G, Cladis FP, Cassara A. Postoperative analgesia via transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheter for small weight children-our initial experience. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Mar;22(3):281-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03783.x

Fredrickson MJ, Seal P. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis planeblock for neonatal abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2009 May;37(3):469-472.

Fredrickson MJ. Ultrasound (US) guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for paediatric inguinal hernia surgery – a pilot study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 May;19(5):556-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.02993_6.x

Bansal V, Mounir-Soliman L. The Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Inguinal Hernia Repair; A Retrospective Study in Pediatric Patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008 Sept-Oct; 33(5):495.

Willschke H, Kettner S. Pediatric regional anesthesia: abdominal wall blocks. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Jan;22(1):88-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03704.x

Jöhr M. Practical pediatric regional anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jun;26(3):327-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0b013e3283606a1e

Р. Д. Синельников, Я. Р. Синельников, Атлас анатомии человека. – М. Медицина, 1996. – Т. 4. – С. 185-186.

Gray H, Standring S, Ellis H, Berkovitz BK. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005. Print. P. 1107-1109.

Jankovic Z. Transversus abdominis plane block: The Holy Grail of anaesthesia for (lower) abdominal surgery. Periodicum Biologorum. 2009;111(2):203-208.

Yarwood J, Berrill A. Nerve blocks of the anterior abdominal wall. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 2010;10(6):182-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkq035

Webster K. Ultrasound guided rectus sheath block – analgesia for abdominal surgery. Update in Anaesthesia. 2010;1:12-17.

Børglum J, Jensen K. Abdominal Surgery: Advances in the Use of Ultrasound-Guided Truncal Blocks for Perioperative Pain Management. Abdominal Surgery, Prof. Fethi Derbel (Ed.), ISBN: 978-95 3-51-0691-3, InTech, https://doi.org/10.5772/48255. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/abdominal-surgery/abdominal-surgery-advances-in-the-use-of-ultrasound-guided-truncal-blocks-for-perioperative-pain-man

Оперативная хирургия и топографическая анатомия. Под ред. В.В. Кованова. 4-е изд., дополнен. М: Медицина, 2001. - С.185-186.

Ultrasound Blocks for the Anterior Abdominal Wall. Principles and Implementation for Adult and Pediatric Surgery. Mokini editor. Flying Publisher 2011. P. 16-47.

Rozen WM, Tran TM, Ashton MW, Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Taylor GI. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves: a new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall. Clin Anat. 2008 May;21(4):325-333.

Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Bergin D, Laffey JG, Mc Donnell JG. Studies on the spread of local anaesthetic solution in transversus abdominis plane blocks. Anaesthesia. 2011 Nov;66 (11):1023-1030. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06855.x

Børglum J, Jensen K, Christensen AF, Hoegberg LC, Johansen SS, Lönnqvist PA, Jansen T. Distribution patterns, dermatomal anesthesia, and ropivacaine serum concentrations after bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012 May-Jun;37(3):294-301. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e31824c20a9

Mukhtar K. Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block. The Journal Of The New York School Of Regional Anesthesia 2009;12:28-33.

Jankovic ZB, du Feu FM, McConnell P. An anatomical study of the transversus abdominis plane block: location of the lumbar triangle of Petit and adjacent nerves. Anesth Analg. 2009 Sep;109(3):981-5. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181ae0989

Webster K. The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block: Abdominal plane regional. Update in Anaesthesia. 2008;24(1):25-30.

McDonnell JG, O'Donnell BD, Tuite D, Farrell T, Power C. The regional abdominal field infiltration (R.A.F.I.) technique: Computerised tomographic and anatomical identification of aapproach to the transversus abdominis neuro-vascular fascial plane. Anesthesiology 2004;101:899.

McDonnell JG, O'Donnell BD, Farrell T, Gough N, Tuite D, Power C, Laffey JG. Transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric and radiological evaluation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Sep-Oct; 32(5):399-404.

Hebbard P. Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block under ultrasound guidance. Anesth Analg. 2008;106(2):674-675. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318161a88f

Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Rozen WM, Hebbard P. Spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. Anaesthesia. 2009 Jul;64(7):745-750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05933.x

Ultrasound Imaging for Vascular Access and Regional Anesthesia. Brian A. Pollard Editor p.17-18.

Abrahams MS, Horn JL. Peripheral Blocks of the Chest and Abdomen. Advances in Anesthesia 01/2010;28(1):81-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aan.2010.07.005

Tsui B, Suresh S. Ultrasound imaging for regional anesthesia in infants, children, and adolescents: a review of current literature and its application in the practice of extremity and trunk blocks. Anesthesiology. 2010 Feb;112(2):473-492. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181c5dfd7

Bhalla T, Sawardekar A, Dewhirst E, Jagannathan N, Tobias JD. Ultrasound-guided trunk and core blocks in infants and children. J Anesth. 2013 Feb;27(1):109-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-012-1476-5

Hopkins PM. Ultrasound guidance as a gold standard in regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Mar;98(3):299-301. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael387

Ludot H. Blocs de la paroi abdominale: apport de l’échographie. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation. 2012(31):e21-e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2011.11.018

Lew VK, Gray AT. An Unusual Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: Anatomic Variation in the Internal Oblique Muscle. Anesthesiology 2013 Nov;119(5):1209. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31827bcd9f

Tran TM, Ivanusic JJ, Hebbard P, Barrington MJ. Determination of spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jan;102(1):123-127. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aen344

Visoiu M, Yakovleva N. Continuous postoperative analgesia via quadratus lumborum block – an alternative to transversus abdominis plane block. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Oct;23(10):959-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.12240

Abdallah FW, Laffey JG, Halpern SH, Brull R. Duration of analgesic effectiveness after the posterior and lateral transversus abdominis plane block techniques for transverse lower abdominal incisions: a meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Nov;111(5):721-735. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet214

Salman AE, Yetişir F, Yürekli B, Aksoy M, Yildirim M, Kiliç M. The efficacy of the semi-blind approach of transversus abdominis plane block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized double-blind study. Local Reg Anesth. 2013 Jan 18;6:1-7. https://doi.org/10.2147/lra.s38359

Scharine JD. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane nerve blocks for analgesia following cesarean delivery: report of 2 cases. AANA J. 2009 Apr;77(2):98-102.

Petersen PL, Hilsted KL, Dahl JB, Mathiesen O. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with 24 hours ropivacaine infusion via TAP catheters: A randomized trial in healthy volunteers. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013 Oct 10;13(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-13-30

Yuratich D, Bhalla T, Jayanthi VR, Tobias JD. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters for postoperative analgesia in a child with spinal dysraphism. Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care. 2013;16(3):276.

Børglum J, Maschmann C, Belhage B, Jensen K. Ultrasound-guided bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane block: a new four-point approach. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011 Jul;55(6):658-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02430.x

Forero M., Neira VM, Heikkila AJ, Paul JE. Continuous lumbar transversus abdominis plane block may spread to supraumbilical dermatomes. Can J Anesth. 2011;58:948-951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-011-9556-9

Heil JW, Ilfeld BM, Loland VJ, Sandhu NS, Mariano ER. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane catheters and ambulatory perineural infusions for outpatient inguinal hernia repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Nov-Dec;35(6):556-558. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181fa69e9

Bjerregaard N, Nikolajsen L, Bendtsen TF, Rasmussen B. Transversus Abdominis Plane Catheter Bolus Analgesia after Major Abdominal Surgery. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. 2012;(2012):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/596536

O'Donnell BD, McDonnell JG, McShane AJ. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in open retropubic prostatectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2005.10.006

Mukhtar K, Singh S. Transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102:143-144. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aen338

French JL, McCullough J, Bachra P, Bedforth NM. Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after caesarean section in a patient with an intracranial lesion. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009 Jan;18(1):52-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.06.005

Randall IM, Costello J, Carvalho JC. Transversus abdominis plane block in a patient with debilitating pain from an abdominal wall hematoma following cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1928. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318170baf3

Hebbard P. Audit of "rescue" analgesia using TAP block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2007 Aug; 35(4):617-618.

Young MJ, Gorlin AW, Modest VE,. Quraishi SA. Clinical Implications of the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Adults // Anesthesiology Research and Practice. 2012;(2012):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/731645

Galante D, Caruselli M, Done F, Meola S, Russo G, Pellico G, Caso A, Lambo M, Donadei F, Mincolelli G. Ultrasound transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in pediatric patients: Not only a regional anesthesia technique for adults. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care. 2012;16(2):201-204.

Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Curley G, McDonnell JG, Laffey JG. Ipsilateral transversus abdominis plane block provides effective analgesia after appendectomy in children: a randomized controlled trial . Anesth Analg. 2010 Oct;111(4):998-1003. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181ee7bba

Taylor LJ, Birmingham P, Yerkes E, Suresh S. Children with spinal dysraphism: transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters to the rescue! Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Oct;20(10):951-954. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03414.x

Tsuchiya M, Takahashi R, Furukawa A, Suehiro K, Mizutani K, Nishikawa K. Transversus abdominis plane block in combination with general anesthesia provides better intraoperative hemodynamic control and quicker recovery than general anesthesia alone in high-risk abdominal surgery patients. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012 Nov;78(11):1241-1247.

Jankovic Z, Ahmad N, Ravishankar N, Archer F. Transversus abdominis plane block: how safe is it? Anesth Analg. 2008;107:1758-1759. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181853619

Allcock E, Spencer E, Frazer R, Applegate G, Buckenmaier C., 3rd. Continuous transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block catheters in a combat surgical environment. Pain Med. 2010 Sep;11(9):1426-1429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00894.x

O'Connor K, Renfrew C. Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block. Anaesthesia. 2010 Jan;65(1):91-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06179.x

Melzack R, Wall PD. Handbook of Pain Management. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2003. Print. - p. 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-07201-7.x5001-2

Sakamoto B, Kuber S, Gwirtz K, Elsahy A, Stennis M. Neurolytic transversus abdominis plane block in the palliative treatment of intractable abdominal wall pain. J Clin Anesth. 2012 Feb; 24(1):58-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.04.010

Pak T, Mickelson J, Yerkes E , Suresh S. Transverse abdominis plane block: a new approach to the management of secondary hyperalgesia following major abdominal surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 Jan; 19(1):54-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02740.x

Cowlishaw P, Belavy D. Transversus abdominis plane block for neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Mar-Apr; 34(2):183. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e31819a138f

Suresh S. Regional Anesthesia For Chronic Pain Management In Children And Adolescents. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009; 34(5):75-76.

Singh M, Chin KJ, Chan V. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block: a useful adjunct in the management of postoperative respiratory failure. J Clin Anesth. 2011 Jun; 23(4):303-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.05.012

Gurkan Y. Regional Anesthesia Applications in the Emergency Department. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011; 36(7):e31-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3182302f32

Blanco R, Parras Maldonado T. Why Does a US-Guided Tap Block Not Work? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011; 36(7):e12-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3182302f32

Elkassabany N, Ahmed M, Malkowicz SB, Heitjan DF, Isserman JA, Ochroch EA. Comparison between the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and placebo in open retropubic radical prostatectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-linded study. J Clin Anesth. 2013 Sep;25(6):459-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2013.04.009

McDonnell JG, Curley G, Carney J, Benton A, Costello J, Maharaj CH, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jan;106(1):186-191. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000290294.64090.f3

Carney J, McDonnell JG, Ochana A, Bhinder R, Laffey JG. The transversus abdominis plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 2008 Dec; 107(6):2056-2060. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181871313

Khan SM, Nawaz S , Delvi MB, Alzahrani T, Thallaj A, Zubaidi A, Al-Obaid O. Intraoperative Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Lower Abdominal Surgery. Int J Periop Ultrasound Appl Technol. 2012; 1(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10027-1001

Amlong CA, Schroeder KM, Andrei AC, HanS, Donnelly MJ. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane blocks in ileostomy takedowns: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2012 Aug; 24(5):373-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.10.014

Johns N, O'Neill S, Ventham NT, Barron F, Brady RR, Daniel T. Clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 2012 Oct; 14(10):e635-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03104.x

Siddiqui MR, Sajid MS, Uncles DR, Cheek L, Baig MK. A meta-analysis on the clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane block. J Clin Anesth. 2011 Feb;23(1):7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.05.008

El-Dawlatly AA, Turkistani A, Kettner SC, Machata AM, Delvi MB, Thallaj A, Kapral S, Marhofer P. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: description of a new technique and comparison with conventional systemic analgesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jun;102(6):763-767. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aep067

Venugopal N, Sivasankara G, Molloy M. Audit Of The Use Of Tap Blocks Following Caesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(5):118.

Azman J, Frkovic V, Horvat M, Golubovic V, Zupan Z. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block In Early Postoperative Analgesia After Classical Appendectomy – A Pilot Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(5):e43. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181f3582c

Tan TT, Teoh W H, Woo DC, Ocampo CE, Shah MK, Sia AT. A randomised trial of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Feb;29(2):88-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/eja.0b013e32834f015f

Ling KU, Shahnaz Hassan M, Mamat M, Vijayan R, Chin KF. Surgical Gastrostomy Under Ultrasound-Guided Oblique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(5):176.

Jacob AK, Walsh MT, Dilger JA. Role of regional anesthesia in the ambulatory environment. Anesthesiol Clin. 2010 Jun;28(2):251-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2010.02.009

Lee TH, Barrington MJ, Tran TM, Wong D, Hebbard PD. Comparison of extent of sensory block following posterior and subcostal approaches to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010 May;38(3):452-460.

Aveline C, Le Hetet H, Le Roux A, Vautier P, Cognet F, Vinet E, Tison C, Bonnet F. Comparison between ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane and conventional ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for day-case open inguinal hernia repair. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Mar;106(3):380-386. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeq363

Jokic A, Mazul Sunko B, Frani Kasunic D, Vukelic M. A Comparison Of Tap Block And Wound Catheter Technique For Postoperative Analgesia After Hysterectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36(7):177.

Kitaba A, Martin DP, Bhalla T, McKee C, Winch P, Tobias JD. Transversus abdominis plane block for placement of a paracentesis catheter with failed Fontan physiology. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care. 2012;16(2):179-182.

Mosteller D, Frohm RM, Jason C, Rogers J. TAP Block in Penetrating Trauma. 35th ASRA Annual Regional Anesthesia Meeting and Workshops. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181f362c4

Oliver JA, Oliver LA. Beyond the caudal: truncal blocks an alternative option for analgesia in pediatric surgical patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Dec;26(6):644-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000021

Andonova R, Kotzeva S. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Caudal Block In Children For Infraumbilical Surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(5):e63. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181f3582c

Aslani A, Mcmorrow R, Loughrey J, Nimhuircheartaigh R, Mccaul C, Hayes N, Straub B, Gaffney A, Dowling J, Ng S, Conrick-Martin I, Ahmed K. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP) With Or Without Spinal Morphine For The Post Caesarean Pain. A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(5):109.

Onishi Y, Kato R, Okutomi T, Tabata K, Amano K, Unno N. Transversus abdominis plane block provides postoperative analgesic effects after cesarean section: additional analgesia to epidural morphine alone. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013 Sep;39(9):1397-1405. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12074

Naresh S, Moody K, Elton J. Does Transversus Abdominus Plane Block Result In Earlier Mobilisation And Urinary Catheter Removal After Caesarean Delivery? An Observational Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(5):e143. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3181f3582c

Carli F, Kehlet H, Baldini G, Steel A, McRae K, Slinger P, Hemmerling T, Salinas F, Neal JM. Evidence basis for regional anesthesia in multidisciplinary fast-track surgical care pathways. Reg Anest h Pain Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;36(1):63-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e31820307f7

Frederickson M, Seal P, Houghton J. Early experience with the transversus abdominis plane block in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2008;18:891-892. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02591.x

Tobias JD. Preliminary experience with transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain relief in infants and children. Saudi J Anaesth. 2009;3:2-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354x.51827

Hardy CA. Transverse abdominis plane block in neonates: is it a good alternative to caudal anesthesia for postoperative analgesia following abdominal surgery? Pediatr Anesth. 2008;19:56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2008.02742.x

Martin DP, Tobias JD. Transversus abdominis blockade: Ready for use in the pediatric population? Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care. 2012;16(2):115-118.

Ludot H, Testard A, Hoizet G, Lefebvre F, Malinovsky JM. Pharmacokinetic of ropivacaine administered in transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in children. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32(5):11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2007.06.030

Galante D, Matrella P, Meola S, Rinaldi N, Lambo M. Ultrasound Transversus Abdominis Plane Block For Postoperative Pain Control In Pediatric Patients. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36(7):e200. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e3182302f32

Malik O. Unilateral Tap Blocks. An Audit Of Paediatric Appendicectomies. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(5):e129. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181f3582c

Metodiev Y, Gavrilova N. Analgesic Efficacy Of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Open Appenedectomy In Children. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36(7): e151. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182302f32

Bielsky A, Efrat R, Suresh S. Postoperative analgesia in neonates after major abdominal surgery: 'TAP' our way to success! Paediatr Anaesth. 2009 May;19 (5):541-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.02988.x

Dmytriiev D. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Low Dose Ketamine Reduces Cytokine Expression After Major Abdominal Operation In Chidren. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36(7):e199. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182302f32

Rao Kadam V, Van Wijk RM, Moran JI, Miller D. Epidural versus continuous transversus abdominis plane catheter technique for postoperative analgesia after abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2013 Jul;41(4):476-481.

Charlton S, Cyna AM, Middleton P, Griffiths JD. Perioperative transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks for analgesia after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Dec 8;(12):CD007705. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd007705.pub2

Ortiz J, Suliburk JW, Wu K, Bailard NS, Mason C, Minard CG, Palvadi RR. Bilateral transversus abdominis plane block does not decrease postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with local anesthetic infiltration of trocar insertion sites. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;37(2):188-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e318244851b

Esteves Martins M, Beyls F, Van De Velde M. Does Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Provide Additional Analgesia After Ambulatory Unilateral Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair? A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(5):e43. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181f3582c

Singh S, Dhir S, Marmai K, Rehou S, Silva M, Bradbury C. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a double-blind, dose-comparison, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013 Jul;22(3):188-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.03.003

Dahl JB, Jeppesen IS, Jørgensen H, Wetterslev J, Møiniche S. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intrathecal opioids in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology. 1999 Dec;91(6):1919-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199912000-00045

Bhatia L, Rajendram R, Gopinath S. Ultrasound (Us) Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (Tap) Block Does Not Improve Analgesia After Elective Caesarean Section (CS) Under Intrathecal Diamorphine & Bupivacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011;36(7):e143. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182302f32

De Andres J., Fischer H.B., Ivani G. et al. in consultation with European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (2009) Postoperative pain management – good clinical practice. General recommendations and principles for successful pain management. Södertälje, Sweden.

Kato N, Fujiwara Y, Harato M, et al. (2009) Serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane block. J Anesth;23(2):298-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-008-0721-4

Farooq M, Carey M. (2008) A case of liver trauma with a blunt regional anesthesia needle while performing transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med.;33(3):274-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2007.11.009

Lancaster P, Chadwick M. (2010) Liver trauma secondary to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Br J Anaesth;104(4):509-510. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeq046

McDermott G, Korba E, Mata U, et al. (2012) Should we stop doing blind transversus abdominis plane blocks? Br J Anaesth.;108(3):499-502. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer422

Manatakis DK, Stamos N, Agalianos C, et al. (2013) Transient femoral nerve palsy complicating “blind” transversus abdominis plane block. Case Rep Anesthesiol.; 2013:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/874215

Walker G. (2010) Transversus abdominis plane block: a note of caution! Br J Anaesth.;104(2):265. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aep387